The Layering System (Essential)

Layer 1 (Base): Thermal underwear — moisture-wicking, not cotton. Layer 2 (Mid): Fleece or wool sweater — traps heat. Layer 3 (Outer): Waterproof, insulated winter jacket rated to at least -20°C. This system is far more effective than one thick coat.

Winter Boots Are Non-Negotiable

Regular shoes become useless and dangerous on ice and snow. You need insulated, waterproof winter boots rated to -30°C. Look for Sorel, Kamik, or Columbia — or affordable options at Mark's Work Wearhouse or Walmart. Invest in good boots — your feet will thank you.

Head, Hands & Feet

A warm toque (beanie), insulated gloves or mittens, and wool or thermal socks are essential. 30–40% of body heat is lost through the head. For extreme cold (-20°C and below), consider a balaclava or face mask. Frostbite on exposed skin can occur within 10–30 minutes.

Walking on Ice Safely

Wear winter boots with grip soles. Walk like a penguin — short steps, feet slightly apart, weight slightly forward. Use handrails. Salt and grit are spread on sidewalks but patches can remain. Take your time — falling on ice is the most common winter injury.

Driving in Snow (If Applicable)

Winter tires are MANDATORY in Quebec (Nov 15 – April 1) and strongly recommended everywhere. Increase following distance to 5–10 seconds. Never use cruise control in snow. Clear ALL snow off your car before driving (it's a fine in most provinces). Black ice is nearly invisible — brake very gently.

Heating Your Home Safely

Never use a BBQ, generator, or oven for heating — carbon monoxide risk. Check that your heating system works before winter. Know where your circuit breaker is. Pipe freezing can cause flooding — keep indoor temperature above 15°C even when away. Building super-heated and dry air: use a humidifier.

Transit in Winter

Public transit is your best winter option — it runs in all conditions. Buses may run late in heavy snow. Always check the Transit App or your city's transit alerts before leaving. Stay inside the station or shelter while waiting. Dress as if you'll be outside for 20+ minutes.